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\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u5e94\u8be5\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a3\u8005\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u533b\u7597\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u7b2c\u4e8c\u533b\u7597\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u60a3\u8005\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e00\u533b\u7597\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002 \u6df1\u5165\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u8bbf\u8c08\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u987e\u95ee\u5c06\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u75c5\u4f8b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u533b\u751f\u53ea\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u9884\u540e\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e [33]\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u5931\u671b\u548c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u5bb6\u5ead\u533b\u751f\u548c\u987e\u95ee\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u51fa\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4f60\u5bf9\u4f60\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4f60\u6700\u62c5\u5fc3\u4f60\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4f60\u6700\u60f3\u907f\u514d\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4f60\u5bf9\u6cbb\u7597\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u671f\u671b\u201d\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u60a3\u8005\u75c5\u4f8b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 <\/p>\n

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Jochanan Benbassat \u4e8e1962\u5e74\u81f31992\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u62c5\u4efb\u54c8\u8fbe\u8428\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u9662\u533b\u5b66\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u533b\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u81ea1983\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u62c5\u4efb\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u5927\u5b66\uff08Hebrew University in Jerusalem\uff09\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002 1992\u5e74\u81f31997\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u62c5\u4efb\u8d1d\u5c14\u8c22\u5df4\u5065\u5eb7\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u5065\u5eb7\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u884c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002 \u81ea1998\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u62c5\u4efb JDC Meyers-Brookdale \u7814\u7a76\u6240\u536b\u751f\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002
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Springer Nature
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\u6536\u5230\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2019\u5e741\u67086\u65e5 \u63a5\u53d7\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2019\u5e741\u670810\u65e5\u3002 1. Yerushalmy J. Reliability of chest radiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary lesions. Am J Surg. 1955;89:231\u201340.<\/p>\n

2. Wibmer A, Vargas HA, Donahue TF, Zheng J, Moskowitz C, Eastham J, Sala E, Hricak H. Diagnosis of extracapsular extension of prostate Cancer on prostate MRI: impact of second-opinion readings by subspecialized genitourinary oncologic radiologists. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015;205:W73\u20138. <\/p>\n

3. Chalian M, Del Grande F, Thakkar RS, Jalali SF, Chhabra A, Carrino JA. Second-opinion subspecialty consultations in musculoskeletal radiology. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2016;206:1217\u201321. <\/p>\n

4. Hansen NL, Koo BC, Gallagher FA, Warren AY, Doble A, Gnanapragasam V, Bratt O, Kastner C, Barrett T. Comparison of initial and tertiary Centre second opinion reads of multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate prior to repeat biopsy. EurRadiol. 2017;27:2259\u201366. <\/p>\n

5. Sawan P, Rebeiz K, Schoder H, Batlevi C, Moskowitz A, Ulaner GA, Dunphy M, Mannelli L. Specialized second-opinion radiology review of PET\/CT examinations for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma impacts patient care and management. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96:e9411. <\/p>\n

6. Strogus K, Roedl JB, Morrison WB, Zoga AC. Clinical impact of second-opinion musculoskeletal subspecialty interpretations during a multidisciplinary orthopedic oncology conference. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017;14:931\u20136. <\/p>\n

7. Chang Sen LQ, Mayo RC, Lesslie MD, Yang WT, Leung JWT. Impact of second-opinion interpretation of breast imaging studies in patients not currently diagnosed with breast Cancer. J Am Coll Radiol. 2018;15:980\u20137. <\/p>\n

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12. Luchey AM, Manimala NJ, Dickinson S, Dhillon J, Agarwal G, Lockhart JL, Spiess PE, Sexton WJ, Pow-Sang JM, Gilbert SM, Poch MA. Change in Management Based on Pathologic Second Opinion Among Bladder Cancer Patients Presenting to a Comprehensive Cancer Center: Implications for Clinical Practice. Urology. 2016;93:130\u20134. <\/p>\n

13. Al-Ibraheemi A, Folpe AL. Voluntary second opinions in pediatric bone and ft tissue pathology: a retrospective review of 1601 cases from a single mesenchymal tumor consultation service. Int J Surg Pathol. 2016;24:685\u201391. <\/p>\n

14. Gordetsky J, Collingwood R, Lai WS, Del Carmen Rodriquez Pena M, Rais-Bahrami S. Second Opinion Expert Pathology Review in Bladder Cancer: Implications for Patient Care. Int J Surg Pathol. 2018;26:12\u20137. <\/p>\n

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16. Rozenberg A, Kenneally BE, Abraham JA, Lenza M, Buchbinder R, Staples MP, Dos Santos OFP, Brandt RA, Lottenberg CL, Cendoroglo M, Ferretti M. Second opinion for degenerative spinal conditions: an option or a necessity? A prospective observational study. BMC MusculoskeletDiord. 2017;18:354. <\/p>\n

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24. Meyer AN, Singh H, Graber ML. Evaluation of outcomes from a national patient-initiated second-opinion program. Am J Med. 2015;128:1138.e25\u201333. <\/p>\n

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28. Levy BR, Slade MD, Chang ES, Kannoth S, Wang SY. Ageism amplifies cost and prevalence of health Conditions. The Gerontologist. 2018;20:1\u20138. <\/p>\n

29. Rask S, Elo IT, Koskinen S, Eero L, Koponen P, Castaneda AE. The association between discrimination and health: findings on Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin populations in Finland. Eur J Pub Health. 2018;28:898\u20130. <\/p>\n

30. Antonovsky A. Social class, life expectancy, and overall mortality. Milbank Memorial Quarterly. 1967;45:31\u201373. <\/p>\n

31. Rauch B. Socioeconomic status: a powerful but still neglected modulator of cardiovascular risk. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2018;25:981\u20134. <\/p>\n

32. Peier-Ruser KS, von Greyerz S. Why do Cancer patients have difficulties evaluating the need for a second opinion and What Is Needed to Lower the Barrier? A Qualitative Study. Oncol Res Treat. 2018;41:769\u201373. <\/p>\n

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